首里手愛好会/Society_of_shurite_fans

空手の型をやっていて思うこと

古伝の型-四方公相君/Traditional Kata - Shihou-Kusanku

先日、「空手最古の形」の文言に惹かれ、新垣氏の動画を見ていたところ、四方公相君について以下の主旨の発言をされていた。

・ 糸洲安恒氏の創作と言われているがそれは誤り。糸洲氏が保存してくれた型。

・ 現在、糸東流にのみ伝わっている横方向に動く型。

・ 明時代の軍事教練が左→右と横方向に動いていたことによる。

・ 現代の公相君(大)は、四方公相君が元の型。横の動作に慣れない琉球人/首里の武士が前後方向に変え、松村宗昆が完成させたもの。

 

新垣清/空手最古の形と最初の空手家。満州相撲と中国拳法【沖縄空手】 - YouTube(8‘20“頃~)

 

最後の方まで聞いていると矛盾するような解説があり(同氏、書籍でもよくある)、どこまで信じて良いのか悩ましいが、なかなか興味深い話である。早速四方公相君の出自をネット検索で調べてみたが、“糸洲氏の創作”との説以外は出てこない。ただ、糸洲氏が何でもかんでも創作したという現代の安易な俗説は疑わしいところもあるので、新垣氏の説が正しい可能性もある。

同じ横方向に動く型として、ナイハンチはどうだろう。ナイハンチも明時代の軍事教練が元になっていると言うのだろうか。軍事教練であれば、あの動作は馬上に乗ったままでの槍等の武器術のような気もするが・・。新垣氏の説(横の動作に慣れない琉球人/首里の武士が前後方向に変え・・)に準じれば、以前、ナイハンチを前後方向に動いてみた結果から「まるで抜塞」「抜塞はナイハンチを原形として琉球王国で創作された可能性がないか」との筆者の空想話に少しは現実味が出てくるかも知れない。ただ、四方公相君が公相君(大)の元の型だとすれば、以前紹介した、今野敏さんの「抜塞と公相君(大)の元となった型は同一の型ではないか」との説は、四方公相君から抜塞が派生するとは思えないので否定的に感じられる。元々、ナイハンチと四方公相君があって、ナイハンチの応用型として抜塞、四方公相君の応用型として公相君(大)が創作されたのならまだ判る・・。

 

四方公相君の動画を探したところすぐに沢山見つかった。今更新たに覚える気もなかったが、いくつもの動画を見ていたら覚えてしまった。勿論、順番だけで細かい動作や解釈は全く知らない。公相君(大)の動作のエッセンス(片手を頭部に添え、もう一方で手刀打ち → 前蹴り等)を左右方向に行い、最後に前方への二段蹴りで終了。何となく、以前紹介した岸本祖孝氏創作の二段武(二段パブ小 : 武芸館の動画を捜したが今回も見つからず)に似ている。岸本祖孝氏は糸洲氏より35歳年下なので、糸洲氏が残したと言われる四方公相君を岸本氏も見た可能性はある。もしかしたら、二段武は四方公相君を参考にしたものなのかも知れない。だから二段武のエッセンスを取り入れた型を玄制流では公相君(小)と称しているとか(これも筆者の想像)。或いは四方公相君も二段武も元々ベースとした同一の型があって、それが原形か。調べようがないが・・。

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The other day, I was attracted to the wording of "the oldest form of karate", and when I was watching Mr. Arakaki's video, he made the following remarks about Shihou-Kusanku.

・ It is said that it was created by Anko Itosu, but it is incorrect. A kata saved by Mr. Itosu.

・Currently, a kata that moves in the lateral direction, which is transmitted only to the Shito-ryu.

・ This is because the military training of the Ming dynasty was moving sideways from left to right.

・ The original model of the modern Kusanku (Large) is Shihou-Kusanku. Ryukyu people / Shuri samurai who are not accustomed to horizontal movements changed the direction back and forth, and Matsumura Sokon completed it.

 

→ see above link. (around 8’ 20”~)

 

There is a commentary that contradicts when I listen to the end (he, often in books), and I'm wondering how much I can believe, but it's quite an interesting story. I immediately searched the origin of Shihou-Kusanku on the Internet, but I couldn't find anything other than the theory that it was "Creation of Mr. Itosu". However, there are some doubts about the modern and easy myth that Itosu created everything, so it is possible that Mr. Arakaki's theory is correct.

How about Naihanchi as a kata that moves in the same lateral direction? Does Naihanchi also say that it is based on the military training of the Ming dynasty? If it's military training, that movement feels like a weapon technique such as a spear while riding on a horse. According to Mr. Arakaki's theory (Ryukyu people / Samurai of Shuri who are not accustomed to horizontal movements changed it into the front-back direction ...), Bassai might be created in the Ryukyu Kingdom based on Naihanchi?  However, if Shihou-Kusanku is the original kata of Kusanku (large), then Bin Konno's theory (The original kata of Bassai and Kusanku (large) may be the same kata.) feels negative because I don't think that Bassai was derived from Shihou-Kusanku. Originally, there were Naihanchi and Shihou-Kusanku, and I can still understand if Bassai was created as an application of Naihanchi, and Kusanku(large)as an application of Shihou-Kusanku.

 

When I searched for a video of Shihou-Kusanku, I found a lot of them immediately. I didn't feel like learning it now, but I remembered it after watching a number of videos. Of course, I don't know the detailed operation or interpretation just by the order. The essence of Kusanku (large) movement (one hand attached to the head, the other hand sword strike → front kick, etc.) is performed in the left-right direction, and finally completed by the two-step kick forward. Somehow, it resembles the previously introduced Nidanbu (or Nidan Pub Small: I searched for a video of the Bugeikan, but I couldn't find it this time either) created by Mr. Sokou Kishimoto. Mr. Kishimoto is 35 years younger than Mr. Itosu, so it is possible that Mr. Kishimoto also saw Shihou-Kusanku that is said to have been left by Mr. Itosu. Nidanbu might be based on Shihou-Kusanku. That's why the kata that incorporates the essence of Nidanbu is called Kusanku (small) in Genseiryu (this is also my imagination). Or is there the same kata that Shihou-Kusanku and Nidanbu originally based on, and is that the original kata? I can't look it up ...